• References
• List of acronyms and abbrevations
• List of figures
• List of tables

• A.T.I. CSR. Presspali, 2000 "Rilievi topografici e geognostoci del system arginale del fiume Adige", Autorita di Bacino del Fiume Adige, Studi. www.bacino-adige.it/studi_realizzati/25.
• ADWR. 1999. Third Management Plan: 2000 - 2010 Phoenix Active Management Area, Arizona Department of Water Resources (ADWR), Phoenix, AZ.
• Anonymous, 1999"Istanbul Forever green!", (in Turkish), The Turkish Society for the Protection of Nature (DHKD), Istanbul, Turkey.
• Aspinall, S. 1998 A directory of the wetlands of the Middle East: United Arab Emirates. 50 pp.
• Autorita di Bacino del fiume Adige, 2006, "Il Territorio del bacino", www.bacino-adige.it
• Baker, L.A., Brazel, A.T. and Westerhoff, P., 2004. Environmental consequences of rapid urbanization in warm, arid lands: case study of Phoenix, Arizona (USA). In: M. Marchettini, C. Brebbia, E. Tiezzi and L.C. Wadhwa (Editors), The Sustainable City III. Advances in Architecture Series. WIT Press, Boston.
• Bocian J., 2004. Concept of the biomass market development In the city of Lodz region. (in polish": "Koncepcja organizacji rynku biomasy w rejonie m. Łodzi"). Expertise for the City of Lodz Office.
• Bocian J., & Zawilski M., 2005. Ecohydrology concept - merging the ecology and hydrology for successful urban stream rehabilitation. Proceedings of the Urban River Rehabilitation Conference, Dresden, September 2005.
• Braioni, M.G., & Ruffo, S., Eds, 1986, Mem. Museo Civ. St.Nat. Verona, N. 6, pp. 1-341.
• Braioni, M.G., Bracco, F., Cisotto, P., Ghirelli, L., Villani, M.C., Braioni, A., Girelli, L., Masconale, M., Campeol, G., and Salmoiraghi, G., (2000). The biological - ecological and environmental landscape indices and procedures in the planning and sustainable management of the riverine areas: The case of the study of the river Dese and the river Adige. In U. Maione, B. Maione Lehto & R. Monti [eds]. New Trends in Water and Environmental Engineering for Safety and Life. Š 2000 Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 97-110.
• Braioni M.G. (Ed). 2001. Studies and Researches aimed to integration of the qualities of the river Adigeâ Final Report. National Basin Adige Authority, Biology Department of the Padova University, Evolutionary Department of the Bologna University, DAEST of the Architectural Institute of the Venice University, Trento and Bolzano Provinces, Veneto Region,
• Braioni, M.G., De Franceschi, P., Braioni, A., Campeol, G., Caloi, S, Grandis, N., Pontiroli, A., and Ravanello, P., 2001a. New Environmental Indices for assessing bank quality in the restoration and the sustainable management of a river: the method. Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology 1 (1-2), 133-154.
• Braioni, M.G., Gumiero, B., Salmoiraghi, G., 2001b. Leaf Bags and Natural Leaf Packs: Two Approaches to Evaluate River Functional Characteristics. Internat. Rev. Hydrobiol. 86 (4-5), 439-451.
• Braioni, M. G., Salmoiraghi, G. , Bracco, F., Villani, M., Braioni, A., Girelli, L., 2002, "Functional Evaluations in the Monitoring of the River Ecosystem Processes: the River Adige as a Case Study". The Scientific World Journal, vol.2, pp. 660 - 683, open access, search, research article, www.thescientificworld.com/SCIENTIFICWORLDJOURNAL/main/Home.asp
• Braioni A., Braioni M.G., 2002b. Fluvial Landscape evaluation: a method of analysis suitable to ecocompatible planning. In: Ceccu G., Maione U., (eds). 2nd Conference "New Trends in Water and Environmental Engineering for Safety and Life. (Capri 24-27 June 2002). Centro Studi Deflussi Urbani. D.I.I.A.R Politecnico di Milano. ISBN 88-900282-2-X: 1-14
• Braioni M.G., Braioni A., Salmoiraghi G., 2005a. Integrated Evaluation of the system "River - fluvial corridor" by ecological and landscape - environmental Indices. The study cases: river Adige and Cordevole. Associazione Analisti Ambientali VQA n.2 - Studies: 1-166
• Braioni, M.G., Braioni, A., Salmoiraghi, G., 2005b. A model and tools for the integrated management and planning of the system river - fluvial corridor. Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology, Vol., 5 (4):124-138.
• Braioni M.G., Braioni A., Salmoiraghi G., 2006. A model for the integrated management of river ecosystems. Verh. Internat.Verein. Limnol., 29 (4): 2115-2123
• Breil P., Lafont M., Namour Ph., Perrin J.F., Vivier A., Bariac B., Sebilo M., Schmitt L., Chocat B, Aucour A.M., Zuddas P.P. 2005. Dynamique du carbone et de l'azote en riviere dans un gradient rural-urbain. Ecco Sphere Colloque. Toulouise 5-7 décembre 2005. Article de conférence. 6p.
• Breil.P, Grimm N.B., Vervier Ph., 2007 (in press) Surface water-groundwater exchange processes and fluvial ecosystem function: an analysis of temporal and spatial scale dependency. Book chapter 13 of "Hydroecology and Ecohydrology: Past, Present and Future". Ed. Paul J. Wood, David M. Hannah and Jonathan P. Sadler.
• CCA Environmental, 1999a. Final Scoping Report for the Moddergat River Improvement Scheme. Report prepared for Geustyn Loubser Streicher on behalf of Helderberg Municipality.
• CCA Environmental, 1999b. Moddergat River Improvement Scheme. Environmental Management Plan (Construction Phase). Report prepared for Geustyn Loubser Streicher on behalf of Helderberg Municipality.
• CIS FWD, 2003, Guidance on the best Practices in River Basin Planning, Working Project 2.9 WP2 4.3, pp. 1-88.
• City of Phoenix. 2005. Rio Salado Habitat Restoration
• D. L., 1989, " Legge 18 maggio 1989, n.183. Norme per il riassetto organizzativo e funzionale della difesa del suolo", Suppl. Gazzetta Ufficiale Serie gen. No. 120 del 28 maggio 1989.
• D. Lgs, 1999, "Decreto legislativo 11 maggio n. 152. Disposizioni sulla tutela delle acque dall'inquinamento e recepimento della Direttiva 91/271/CEE corcenente il trattamento delle acque reflue urbane e della Direttiva 91/676/CEE relativa alla protezione delle acque dall'inquinamento provocato dai nitrati provenienti da Fonti agricole", Gazzetta Ufficiale 29 maggio, n. 124.
• D.Lgs, 2004, " Decreto Legislativo Codice dei beni culturali e del paesaggio" ai sensi dell'articolo 10 della legge 6 luglio 2002, n. 137, Gazzetta Ufficiale 24 febbraio 2004, n. 45.
• Dal Pra, A., De Rossi, P., Furlan, F., Siliotti, A., Zangheri, P., 1991, Il regime delle acque sotterranee nell'alta pianura veronese, Mem. Sc. Geologiche, Vol. 42, pp. 155-183 Padova.
• Davies, B.R., Luger, M., 1994. Reviving our rivers. Earthyear 7, 32-35.
• Day, E. 2006. Al Wasit Nature Reserve (Ramtha Lagoon), Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. Follow-on assessment of Phase 1 wetlands and initial assessment of Phase 2 wetlands with recommendations for their rehabilitation and sustainable management. Freshwater Consulting Group report to Gary Bartsch International.
• Day, E., Ractliffe, G. 2002. Assessment of river and wetland engineering and rehabilitation activities within the City of Cape Town. Realisation of project goals and their ecological implications. Volume 1: Assessment process and major outcomes. Report to Catchment Management. Cape Metropolitan Council. City of Cape Town.
• Day, E. and Ewart-Smith, J. 2005. Al Wasit Nature Reserve (Ramtha Lagoon). Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. Baseline study of surface aquatic ecosystems, with recommendations for their management and rehabilitation. Freshwater Consulting Group Report to Gary Bartsch International.
• Day, E., Ractliffe, G. and Wood, J., 2005. An audit of the ecological implications of remediation, management and conservation or urban aquatic habitats in Cape Town, South Africa, with reference to their social and ecological contexts.
• De Soyza, A.G.; Vistro, N.B. and Boer, B. 2002. Sustainable development of mangroves for coastal Sabkha environments in Abu Dhabi, UAE. Barth and Boer (eds). Sabkha Ecosystems. pp 341-346. Kluver Academic Publishers. Netherlands.
• Directive 2001/77/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 September 2001 on the promotion of electricity produced from renewable energy sources in the internal electricity market
• Dogsé, P., 2004 "Toward Urban Biosphere Reserves" in Urban Biosphere and Society: Partnership of Cities, Alfsen-Norodom, C., Lane, B.D., Corry, M. [Eds], Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. 1023, pp.10-48.
• Duzzin B., 1986, "Aspetti chimici - Caratteristiche fisiche e chimiche delle acque del fiume Adige e dei suoi affluenti in Provincia di Verona" in Ricerche sulla qualita delle acque dell'Adige, Braioni, M.G., Ruffo, S., [Eds], Mem. Museo Civ. St.Nat. Verona, N. 6, pp. 75- 96.
• Edwards, L., 2001. Gilbert's Riparian Preserves, Arizona Planning.
• Emmons and Oliver Resources Incorporated, 2001. Benefits of wetland buffers: A study of functions, values and size. Prepared for the Minnehaha Creek Watershed District. Minnesota.
• Fatta D., Naoum D. & Loizidou, M., 2002. Integrated environmental monitoring and simulation system for use as a management decision support tool in urban areas. J. Environ. Management, 64: 333-343.
• Fitzhugh, T.W. and Richter, B.D., 2004. Quenching urban thirst: Growing cities and their impacts on freshwater ecosystems. Bioscience, 54(8): 741-754.
• Gammage, G., 2003. Phoenix in Perspective: Reflections on Developing the Desert. Heberger Center for Design Excellence, Tempe, AZ.
• GEOSS. 2006. Hydrogeological assessment of the extended Wasit Nature Reserve, Sharjah, UAE. Report G2006/08/01. Project No 205/11-71. Report to GBI.
• Gnouma R. 2006. Aide a la calibration d'un modele hydrologique distribué au moyen d'une analyse des processus hydrologiques : application au bassin versant de l'Yzeron. These de docteur de l'INSA-Lyon. 412p. http://csidoc.insa-lyon.fr/these/index.php?rub=0202.
• Gober, P., 2006. Metropolitan Phoenix: Place Making and Community Building in the Desert. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia.
• Gober, P. and Burns, E.K., 2002. The size and shape of Phoenix's urban fringe. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 21(4): 379-390.
• Grapentine, L., Rochfort, Q., Marsalek, J. 2004. Benthic responses to wet-weather discharges in urban streams in southern Ontario. Water Qual. Res. J. Canada 39(4), 374-391.
• Green, D.A. and Baker, M.G., 2003. Urbanization impacts on habitat and bird communities in a Sonoran desert ecosystem. Landscape and Urban Planning, 63(4): 225-239.
• Grimm, N. B., J. M. Grove, S. T. A. Pickett, and C. L. Redman. 2000. Integrated approaches to long-term studies of urban ecological systems. BioScience 50:571-584.
• Grimm, N.B. , and C.L. Redman. 2004. Approaches to the study of urban ecosystems: the case of central Arizona-Phoenix. Urban Ecosystems 7: 199-213
• Grimm, N.B. et al., 2004. Effects of urbanization on nutrient biogeochemistry of aridland streams. Ecosystems and Land Use Change, Geophysical Monograph Series 153: 129 - 146.
• Hancock, P.J. 2002. Human impacts on the stream-groundwater exchange zone. Environmental Management 29: 763-781.
• Hancock P.J. & Boulton A. J. 2005. Aquifers and hyporheic zones: Towards an ecological understanding of groundwater. Hydrogeol. J. 13: 98-111.
• Hancock P.J., Boulton A.J. & Humphreys W.F. 2005. Aquifers and hyporheic zones: Towards an ecological understanding of groundwater. Hydrogeol. J. 13: 98-111.
• Hirschboeck, K.K. and Meko, D.M., 2005. A Tree-Ring Based Assessment of Synchronous Extreme Streamflow Episodes in the Upper Colorado & Salt-Verde-Tonto River Basins, University of Arizona and Salt River Project, Tucson.
• Holling CS, 1995 What barriers? What bridges? In: Gunderson, L. H., Holling, CS and Light SS (eds.) Barriers and Bridges to Renewal of Ecosystems and Institutions. Columbia University Press, New York. 3-34
• Hollis, G. E., 1975. The effect of urbanization on floods of different recurrence interval, water resources research, 11 3 , pp. 431-435.
• Hope, D., C. Gries, W. Zhu, W. F. Fagan, C. L. Redman, N. B. Grimm, A. L. Nelson, C. Martin, and A. Kinzig. 2003. Socioeconomics drive urban plant diversity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 100(15):8788-8792. Online: http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1537557100
• http://www.wien.gv.at. Date of entry: 15.02.2007
• Hydrodata & Beta Studio 1999, "Studio degli acuiferi montani da Resia a Domegliara e degli acquiferi di pianura" (CD ROM) www.bacino-adige.it/pubblicazioni.asp
• Jacobs, K.L. and Holway, J.M., 2004. Managing for sustainability in an arid climate: lessons learned from 20 years of groundwater management in Arizona, USA. Hydrogeology Journal, 12(1): 52-65.
• Janauer, G.A. 1982. Die Gewässervegetation im 21. und 22. Wiener Gemeindebezirk (The Vegetation of water bodies in the 21. and 22. municipal districts of Vienna). In: ÖIR - Austrian Institute for Regional Planning [Ed.] Bericht zum 2. Bearbeitungsschritt der Biotopkartierung Wien. pp.73-77.
• Janauer, G.A. 2000. Ecohydrology: fusing concepts and scales. Ecological Engineering 16, 9-16.
• Janauer, G.A., Jungwirth, M., Humpesch, U.H. [Eds.] 1985. Vorschläge für die ökologische Gestaltung des Stauraumes Wien. Danube Hydro Austria & Municipal Authorities Vienna MA 45 - Waterways Administration. Vols. 1-3. 189pp.
• Janauer, G.A., Wychera, U., 2000. Biodiversity, succession and the functional role of macrophytes in the New Danube (Vienna, Austria). Arch. Hydrobiol. Supplement Large Rivers 12, 61-74.
• Jenerette, G.D. and Wu, J.G., 2001. Analysis and simulation of land-use change in the central Arizona-Phoenix region, USA. Landscape Ecology, 16(7): 611-626.
• Jones J. B. & P.J. Mulholland, 2000. Streams and ground waters. Academic Press, San Diego: 425pp.
• Kasahara T, Hill AR. 2006. Hyporheic exchange flows induced by constructed riffles and steps in lowland streams in southern Ontario, Canada. Hydrological Processes 20 (20): 4287-4305, Dec. 30 2006
• Klysik, K., Fortuniak, K. 1999. Temporal and spatial characteristics of the urban heat island of Lodz, Poland. Atmospheric Environment 33, p. 3885-3895.
• Lafont M. 2001. A conceptual approach to the biomonitoring of freshwater : the Ecological Ambience System. Journal of Limnology, 60 (Suppl. 1): 17-24.
• Lafont M., Camus J. C & Rosso A. 1996. Superficial and hyporheic oligochaete communities as indicators of pollution and water exchange in the River Moselle, France. Hydrobiologia, 334: 147-155.
• Lafont M. & Vivier A. 2006a. Hyporheic zone, coarse surface sediments and oligochaete assemblages: importance for the understanding of the watercourse functioning: Hydrobiologia, 564: 171-181.
• Lafont M., Vivier A., Nogueira S., Namour Ph. & Breil P., 2006b. Surface and hyporheic Oligochaete assemblages in a French suburban stream. Hydrobiologia, 564: 183-193.
• Lafont M., Schmitt L., Perrin J.F., Breil P., Namour Ph. 2006c. Gestion de la Ressource en eau dan les hydrosystemes périurbains. Rapport final de recherché. Cemagref ed. 30p.
• Landers, J., 2004. Water resources - Arizona cities move forward with groundwater recharge plan. Civil Engineering, 74(1): 20-21.
• MAB Urban Group, "Urban Biosphere Reserves in the Context of the Statutory Framework and the Seville Strategy for the World Network of Biosphere Reserves", Draft Policy Paper, June 2003, UNESCO Paris, http://www.unesco.org/mab/ecosyst/urban/doc.shtml, Accessed: 26 July 2005.
• McKinnon, S., 2005. UA Study: Dangers of drought heightened, The Arizona Republic, Phoenix, AZ.
• Michlmayer, F. 1997. Flood control on the Danube, Vienna. Magistrat der Stadt Wien - MA 45. 17pp.
• Miliani, L, 1937, "Le piene dei fiumi veneti e i provvedimenti di difesa. L'Adige". R. Acc.Naz. Lincei. Ed. Le Monnier, Firenze", Vol. 7, No.1, pp. 1-303.
• Morehouse, B.J., Carter, R.H. and Tschakert, P., 2002. Sensitivity of urban water resources in Phoenix, Tucson, and Sierra Vista, Arizona, to severe drought. Climate Research, 21(3): 283-297.
• Moriarty, P., Fonseca, C., Smits, S., Schouten, T., Butterworth, J. & Green, C. 2006. Learning Alliances for scaling up innovation and realizing integrated urban water management. Working paper [online] Available at www.switchurbanwater.eu
• Nicolis, 1898, Circolazione interna e scaturigini delle acque nel rilievo sedimentario - vulcanico della regione veronese e della finitica. Accademia di Verona, vol. 54, pp1-209..
• Ozhatay, N., Byfield, A., Atay, S., 2005 "122 Important Plant Areas of Turkey" (in Turkish), WWF Turkiye, Istanbul, Turkey.
• Paour, F. & Hitier, P., 1998, " Recomandation 40 on draft European Landscape Convention". Council of Europe, Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of Europe. V session (Strasbourg, 26-28 May 1998).
• Pavoni., B, Duzzin, B, Donazzolo, R, 1987, " Contamination by chlorinated hydrocarbons (DDT, PCBs) in surface sediment and macrobenthos of the river Adige", The Science of the Total Environment, Elseviers Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam, Vol. 65, pp. 21-39
• Schmitt L., 2007 (submitted). Hydro-geomorphological typologies of rivers as a basis for ecological monitoring and the management of aquatic ecosystems. To be published in Physics and Chemistry of the Earth.
• SIS 2000. Population Censuses of the State Institute for Statistics, website: www.die.gov.tr, Accessed: 24 July 2005.
• Statistical Yearbook for the Lodz Province. 2005. The Central Statistical Office.
• Tezer, A. 1997. "Modeling of Land-use and Transportation Interaction in the Case of Istanbul, (in Turkish), PhD Thesis, Institute of Science and Technology, Istanbul Technical University.
• Tezer Kemer, A., 2004, "Modeling of Land Use-Transportation Interaction in Istanbul", A-Z ITU Journal of Faculty of Architecture, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 12-25, 2004.
• Tezer, A., 2005, "The Urban Biosphere Reserve (UBR) concept for sustainable use and protection of urban aquatic habitats: case of the Omerli Watershed, Istanbul" Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 311-322.
• Tezer, A., 2006, "Local developments versus global commitments: Reconciling impact of peripheral urbanization with natural environment, Istanbul case", IFoU 2006 Beijing International Conference, Modernization & Regionalism - Re-inventing the Urban Identity, Proceedings, Volume 1, pp. 322-332.
• Tovey, N. and Aspinall, S. 2006. Wasit Nature Reserve. Sharjah. United Arab Emirates. Birds of Wasit Nature Reserve. Specialist report prepared for Gary Bartsch International.
• Turri E., Ruffo S., [Eds], 1992, Etsch Adige: the River, the People, the History, Cierre Edizioni, pp.2
• Schlögel, G., 1997. Die Verbreitung und quantitative Erfassung der Gewässervegetation in der Lobau. Master Thesis, Vienna. 165pp.
• UNCHS 1996, An Urbanizing World: Global Report on Human Settlements 1996, United Nations Center for Human Settlements (HABITAT), Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York.
• UN 2004. World Urbanization Prospects the 2003 Revision, Data Tables and Highlights, United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, New York
• Weyand M. & Schitthelm D. 2006. Good ecological status in a heavily urbanised river: is it feasible? Water Science & Technology, 53 (10): 247-253.
• Williams, W.D. 2002. Environmental threats to salt lakes and the likely status of inland saline ecosystems in 2025. Environmental Conservation. 29 (2): 154-167.
• Zalewski, M. [Ed.] 2000. Ecohydrology. Ecol. Eng. Special issue 16, 1-197.
• Zalewski M. 2006. Ecohydrology as a management tool. In: Water and ecosystems: water resources management in diverse ecosystems and providing for human needs 14-16 June 2005, Hamilton, Canada.
• Zalewski M. & Wagner I. 2006. Ecohydrology - the use of water and ecosystem processes for healthy urban environments. Aquatic Habitats in Integrated Urban Water Management. Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology. Vol. 5. No 4, 263-268
• Zalewski, M., Janauer, G.A., Jolankai, G., 1997. Conceptual background. In: Zalewski, M., Janauer, G.A., Jolankai G. [Eds] Ecohydrology: A new paradigm for the sustainable use of aquatic resources. International Hydrological Programme UNESCO, Paris, Technical Document in Hydrology 7.
• Zawilski, M. 2001. Management of urban stormwater and storm overflow water with the use of small natural watercourses: a case study of Lodz. In: Innovative technologies in urban drainage - NOVATECH 2001. Lyon, 25-26 June 2001. vol 2, p. 699 - 706.
  

ADWR Arizona Department of Water Resources
AHP - Austrian Hydro Power, Inc
AMA - Active Management Area
BMPs - Best Management Practices
BR - biosphere reserve
CAP - canal Central Arizona Project canal
CAP LTER - The Central Arizona - Phoenix Long Term Ecological Research project
CC - Conservation Councils of Istanbul
CSOs - Combined Sewer Overflows
DCDC - Decision Center for a Desert City
DHKD - The Turkish Society for the Protection of Nature
GIS - Geographic Information System
GMA - Groundwater Management Act
IBA - Important Bird Areas of Turkey"
IPA - Important Plant Areas
ISKI - Istanbul Water and Sewage Board
IUWM - integrated urban water management
MAB - Man and the Biosphere Program UNESCO's
MGI - Municipality of Greater Istanbul
MoEF - Ministry of Environment and Forestry -Nature Protection Directory
OW - The Omerli Watershed
SRF - short rotation forestry
SRP - Salt River Project
SWITCH - Sustainable Water Management Improves Tomorrow's Cities' Health (GOCE 018530). 6th European Union Framework Programme Integrated Project
UAE - United Arab Emirates
UAHM - Urban aquatic habitat management
UBR - Urban Biosphere Reserve
UHA - Urban Aquatic Habitat
UNCHS - United Nations Center for Human Settlements (HABITAT)
US ACE - US Army Core of Engineers
WWTP - Wastewater Treatment Plant

Fig. 9.1. The Moddergat River (photo credit: E. Day)

Fig. 9.2. Moddergat River before intervention, showing deep, steep-sided channel in section recently dredged of reeds (Note: litter on channel edges, lack of connectivity between aquatic and terrestrial habitat; prevalence of invasive kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum) along the channel margins (photo credit: CCA Environmental)

Fig. 9.3. Cobble-lined low flow channel, with vegetation established along the edge soon after completion of channel. (Rapid invasion of the channel by reeds (Figure 3) results in the long-term creation of a dense, reeded low flow channel - this could result in improved water quality in the main channel; photo credit: E. Day)

Fig. 9.4. View of grassed floodplain and densely reeded low-flow channel, four years after completion. (Dense reedbeds reduce in-stream habitat diversity but play a role in water quality improvement. Floodplain lacks heterogeneity, and has been landscaped purely for recreational and flood control purposes. The creation of minor depressions along the flood channel would have allowed the creation of seasonal floodplain wetlands photo credit: N. Newman).

Fig. 9.5. Wasit Nature Reserve (Photo credit: E. Day)

Fig. 9.6. Aerial view of Wasit Nature Reserve site, in Sharjah, UAE, bordering Ajman Emirate (Note: Phase 2 border extends beyond right side of the area shown) (after Day and Ewart-Smith 2005)

Fig. 9.7. Action plan for the rehabilitation of the Wasit wetlands (after Day and Ewart-Smith 2005)

Fig. 9.8. Impoundment on the Sokolowka River (photo credit: W. Fratczak)

Fig. 9.9. Streams catchments in the territory of the Lodz City (294 km 2) - the Sokolowka (northern part of the city) and Ner rivers (southern part of the city) serve as demonstration areas for implementation of ecohydrology in systemic urban water management (elaborated by: M. Grzelak based on the resources of the Marshal`s Office of the Lodz Voivodship)

Fig. 9.10. The general concept for municipal river restoration including the ecohydrology measures implemented in Lodz (Zalewski and Wagner, 2006, based on the material of the City of Lodz Office)

Fig. 9.11. Groundwater level as a key factor regulating a) biomas and bioenergy yield, and economic efficiency of energetic plantation and b) heavy metals phytoextraction and efficiency of floodplain restoration (Bocian, Sumorok, Zawadzka, unpublished).

Fig. 9.12. Restoration concept towards sustainable sewage system management: phytoremediation for sewage sludge utilization and bioenergy production (Zalewski and Wagner, 2006).

Fig. 9.13. 1 A stretch of the Adige River fluvial corridor (Turri & Ruffo, 1992)

Fig. 9.14. The Adige River fluvial corridor: (a) Location, (b) 11 Sub-sections analysed in the Basin, (c) Concentrations of urban settlements, (d) Adige basin, Adige River - Lake Garda tunnel, hydroelectric power station and locations of drinking water withdrawal points (from Braioni et al., 2005 b mod.)

Figure 9.15. Land uses in Sub-section 9 (Braioni, 2001)

Figure 9.16. Quality, degradation and risk assessment of Sub-section 9 (Braioni, 2001)

Figure 9.17. Implementation Model (from Braioni et al., 2001a)

Fig. 9.18 Yzeron River, Combined Sewer Overflows (Photo credit: P. Breil)

Fig. 9.19. Western suburb of Lyon city: unbalanced water resources and demands

Fig. 9.20. Results of the of bio-assimilation capacity assessment in the Yzeron Catchment: Stream network delineation of the filtering effect as a determinant of the bio-assimilation capacity; CSO structure (outfall) locations, and classification of habitats as balanced, at risk, and in critical situations.

Fig. 9.21. Kühwörther Wasser oxbow, Lobau wetlands, Vienna (Š Janauer, 2006)

Fig. 9.22. Location of the Lobau Biosphere reserve in Vienna. (http://www.wien.gv.at).

Fig. 9.23. "Schwarzes Loch" floodplain lake in the Lobau Biosphere Reserve (Š Strausz, 2006)

Fig. 9.24. General concepts of Implementation Scheme (Š Janauer, 2006)

Fig. 9.25. Aerial photo of the the Omerli Watershed (Photo credit: A. Tezer)

Figure 9.26. Urban Expansion, Important Plant Areas (IPA), and Important Bird Areas (IBA) in the Province of Istanbul (Tezer, 2006)

Fig. 9.27. Omerli Dam and neighbouring heathlands (DHKD Archives)

Fig. 9.28. The Salt River

Fig. 9.29. Major water features in the Phoenix Metropolitan Area, including prehistoric Hohokam Canals. (The Salt and Verde Rivers are tributaries to the Gila River, which in turn feeds into the Colorado River 100s of km away).

Fig. 9.30. Creation of aquatic habitats. ASTER satellite imagery of a suburban Phoenix area showing artificial lakes (in black).

Fig. 9.31. Photos of urban riparian areas in the Phoenix Metropolitan Area (a, b and c )

List of tables

Tab. 9.1. Catchments characteristics of the two demonstration project rivers in Lodz

Tab. 9.2. Basic climatic characteristics of Vienna (Vienna, Hohe Warte)

Tab. 9.3. Recommended participants, land uses and possible impacts of the proposed Omerli Watershed UBR (Excerpted from Tezer, 2006)